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These translations are of the leading paragraphs of four articles from the Scientific American, reprinted here with the permission of the editors. The first, on archeology, is from the October 1983 issue; the second, on astronomy, is from November 1983; the third, on molecular biology, is from January 1984; and the fourth, on paleoanthropology, is from March 1984. We are grateful to the editors of the Scientific American and to the several authors of these articles for permission to publish these brief translations of their work.
The Loglan texts of the four translations are first given in block form for those readers who wish to tackle them head on. In a later section they are given line by line. The first line in each set is a line from the original English text; the second is the corresponding line from the Loglan translation; the third is the back-translation of the Loglan into a special kind of English designed to reveal the structure of the Loglan; this last component usually occupies several lines.
An effort has been made in the back-translation to coordinate elements between the two languages. This has often meant hyphenating English phrases into quasiwords in order to make them correspond positionally to specific Loglan words. Loglan words which have no corresponding elements in the original English are represented in the back-translations by English expressions in square brackets. Alternative English wordings are in parentheses. Words or phrases which are not in the same positions in the translation as the corresponding elements are in the original English have been put in angle brackets in both languages. All these devices contrive to "explain" the structure of the Loglan sentence, which is almost always a little different from that of the English sentence despite my effort to conserve the natural word-order wherever possible.
The articles chosen all appeared in the seven foreign language editions of the Scientific American. The publishers have kindly furnished me with copies of these editions of the relevant issues. I was thus able to examine the structure of several natural language translations while contriving the Loglan one. In the interlinear section of this appendix I have tried to suggest the multilingual flavor of this work by putting the titles, at least, of the four articles in those five of the SA's languages--English, Spanish, French, Italian and German--which can be printed in the Latin alphabet.
So Kilnirne ji Katli lopo Bishoni Mormao
kao la Bn On Kn Rivz
Six Milleniums of Buffalo Kills
by B. O. K. Reeves
SA, October 1983, p.120
Coi ro darpao neveri ci heknirne nu vetcue ce stutce la Rindi, ji vi la Grada Pilnylandi, ji vi la Nord Ame'rikas, pa janto lo bishoni duo lopo jangoi je bei go horski. I toi snola lepo levi ri piplo no pa suksi ge bishoni janto pia ba ji futci lepo la Eurpi, pa nernenbei lo horma la Nord Ame'rikas, na le nesori heknirne. I lo pasnurmaosensi po turka ji vi le ri kubra grasylandi ji lesta la Troflo Monca, ga falcue levi nu tcutrapeo. I fia le neri genza je lopo la Darpao Rindi, pa nengoi le spapai gue, ji na ba ji melpaonao lio sanenimoNai gu, Rai pa fircko janto nokou lepo Rai pa janto go fitgoi. I lo mamhuti pa ciirnia go nu tisra Rai na le satci, ice na lepo leva grada nimla pa numcmacea gu, Rai pa durcea lepo janto to norsa speci je lo bishoni gue, ji lea groda ce jitlia ci nu horno ji lao Bison antiquus, ze le cmalo ji lao Bison occidentalis, ice le to Bai na specymorto. I le la Darpao Rindi, gu futkaa ji vi lo pilnylandi pa prase lopo janto lo bishoni duo lopo fitgoi ce munce.
Nao vi, mi fa tcutaa ba ji napa nu pafko vi ne leva munce bishoni ci janto sitfa ja melsurdi la Ka'lgrris, lio netenikeimei, e nursia le surlesta bidje je la Po'rkiupain Hilz, ji vi le lusta parti je la Albrrtys.
La Centaurus Aman, ja le No Nu Snire ge Kaoflo Galhasi
kao la Djek On Brrnz, ze la Rn Markys Prais
Centaurus A: the Nearest Active Galaxy
by Jack O. Burns and R. Marcus Price
SA, November 1983, p.56
Ga seidjo le groda ce mordu ci tedjua bekti ji napa nu vizka ba le rardzabi, ga le bekti ji nu tcutaa be lo kaoflo galhasi. I lo kaoflo galhasi, ja rarpai siritiapinine lea fu djano galhasi gu, suna kresui su nerji ji cnajai lio nemomo le nerji je loe danri galhasi gu, e ji nu profoa lo elhektromagni kreni. I le ro nu kresui je loe kaoflo galhasi ga ranjo ro norsa silckerao, ja nu seidjo lo geoykre, e lo Xaiykre, e lo nu vizka kreni, e lo infraredri kreni, e lo radjo kreni. I ro lopo snipao ge katca turka napa nu durzo vi lo radjo silckerao, jao vi sei lezo ne kaoflo galhasi ga kresui suna cnajai lio nemamo lezo loe danri galhasi ga kresui.
Nao le kaoflo galhasi ji no nu snire ra norsa kaoflo galhasi lemu galhasi bi la Centaurus Aman, ja litnirne lio sanefemomo mu. I le nu vizka zvofoa je la Centaurus Aman, ga melkubra lio rinenitianemoLaiNai. I ga ranjo vi ne pilno ji slopu le pilno go midju je le nu vizka truke, ga buo ne nu lagmao radjo ci fomkua ji merli lio satemomoLaiNai sau ne fando dio le norsa. I kanoi le radjo kresui spapai je la Centaurus Aman, ga eu nu vizka su katca ji vi la Ter, ki sei simci ba ji cnajai lio toni lezo la Lun, kubra.
Lopo Troli Lopo Sintesi Lo Ribhosomi
kao la Masaiasus Nomuras
The Control of Ribosome Synthesis
by Masayasu Nomura
SA, January 1984, p.102
Ra ribhosomi ga orgeli je ne clivi celhu gu go proteini madzo. I vi le zvotorspa je rei su amhini acdi ga ckelista djicea su rodja ge proteini tcena. I le nu kalmao tcena ga selfodcea ne molhekuli ja kanmo ne parti je le le celhu gu truke gue, a ne enzimi ji cea kathalisi su spebi ge methaboli po kempoa. I soaki ra levi methaboli nurplipra ga cnida lo enzimi, ki moiki su celhu ga rodja, e selkopmao go mordu kukra ki cei gromao lezo cei madzo lo proteini. I loe ribhosomi buo ga katli su nu limji zo djimao je lo amhini acdi jue loe proteini tcena. I bea vi lo bakteri ji lao Escherichia coli, ra ribhosomi ga kanmo lepo djimao nefe amhini acdi na ra sekmi na lepo rei melhatro lio teseCai. I kanoi lepu hatro ga stolo go norcea, ice buo le roacti jio lao En coli, spalii reo ga nu fulrymao ba lo ciircti, ki le bakteri ga sacduo lepo selkopmao duo su ganta ckerao. I soaki lezo loe ribhosomi ga proteini madzo ga nu limji, ki kanoi loe celhu ga eu gromao le ckerao je lopo proteini sintesi, ki cei madzo ba ji mordu lena konte je lecei ribhosomi. I lepo madzo loe ribhosomi ga nerji kusti, ice lepo madzo eu ne groda moutsu je lo ribhosomi ga festi. I nukou ra bakteri ga kanmo lepo stuli lepo ribhosomi proju guo, tie su fu penso pu cmaceapoa.
Lepo lo Homhinoideai, e lo Homhinidi ga Futlinkui
kao la Deivid Pilbim
The Descent of Hominoids and Hominids
by David Pilbeam
SA, March 1984, p.56
Lopo lo humni ga siodja lepo lo humni ga hisvalda napa fredirgoi go grada na le nedpao kalroakeo, e sui ue na lepa fe nirne. I fia la Nevesonein, bea lo darpaohumsensi napa stisi lepo nurdia go nerdjo ferci lo fizdi humsenmao, e ri nu treci paslivsesmao. I dei napa hisvalda ne kubra rornurdia ji djomao lepo nu surva lo hisri telsesmao, e lo livspasesmao, e lo molhekuli livsesmao, e lo nimsesmao, e lo stude je lo nimla po bivdu gue, e ue lo kemsesmao, e lo fidsesmao.
Nao coi le mela Linean, klemaosio je lo clivi lo humni ga seidjo la Ordre, ji lao Primates, ja sui nu seidjo lo pongidi, e lo murki, e lo prosimi ja nu seidjo lo lemhuri. I ga nenri leva ordre ga la Supherfamili, ji lao Hominoidea, ja nu rarpai lo humni ze lo pongidi. I ga nenri leva supherfamili taa ga la Famhili, ji lao Hominidae, ja nu rarpai lo humni ze lehei specymoo kunci ji kuisni lo pongidi.
Nao letci mi lepo corta geable lepo lepo lo homhinoideai ze lo homhinidi pa hisvalda gu, pa nu siodja na ba ji melpaonao lio safeNai gu, kao ne fregoi ge fizdi humsesmao ji la Crruyd Ln Uacbrrn, pe la Rorcirkea, je la Kalifornias, gue ji vi la Brrklis, guo, e reckambi leva fu corcue je lepa kumnurjui le kumnurjui ji na.
Six Milleniums of Buffalo Kills
Seis milenios de matanzas de bisontes
Six mille ans de chasses au bison
Sei millenni di caccia al bisonte
Sechs Jahrtausende Bisonjagd
Copyright © 1983 by Scientific American, Inc.
So Kilnirne ji Katli lopo Bishoni Mormao
Six Thousandfold-years (Milleniums) that Have (are Characterized by) [Events of] Bison-Killing
by B. O. K. Reeves kao la Bn On Kn Rivz
[kow-la-bighn.ohn.kighn.REEVZ]
According to many early 19th-century accounts and
Coi ro darpao neveri ci heknirne nu vetcue ce
According-to many far-before (early) one-nine-th (nineteenth) [hyphen] hundredfold-year (century) [passive] event-saids (accounts) and
illustrations, the Indians of the Great Plains of North America
stutce la Rindi, ji vi la Grada Pilnylandi, ji vi la Nord Ame'rikas,
story-pictures (illustrations) the Amerind(s) that-were in the Great Flat-lands that-were in [the named] North America
hunted buffalo by riding them down on horseback. The implication is
pa janto lo bishoni duo lopo jangoi je bei go horski. I toi snola
before hunted the-mass-of bisons by-the-method-of the-mass-of-events-of hunt- going-to (pursuing) b (them, the bison) horse-sitting-ly (on horseback). [And] This (last sentence) implies
that these peoples were not successful buffalo hunters until
lepo levi ri piplo no pa suksi ge bishoni janto pia
that (the event that) these several peoples not were successful as bison hunters continuously-before
some time after the Europeans introduced horses into North America
ba ji futci lepo la Eurpi, pa nernenbei lo horma la Nord Ame'rikas,
some-(time)-x that-was after the-event-of the Europeans before first-in-carried (introduced) the (mass of) horse(s into) [the named] North America
in the 16th century. Archeological work in the wide
na le nesori heknirne. I lo pasnurmaosensi po turka ji vi le ri kubra
in the one-six-th hundredfold-year. [And] The (mass of) past-made-things- science work-events that-are in the several wide
grasslands east of the Rocky Mountains contradicts this assumption.
grasylandi ji lesta la Troflo Monca, ga falcue levi nu tcutrapeo.
grass-lands that-are east-of the Rock-full Mountains does 'false'-say-about this picture-true-thought-thing (assumption).
From the time the <first> Paleo-Indians entered the region
I fia le <neri> genza je lopo la Darpao Rindi, pa nengoi le spapai gue,
And continuously-after the <first> instance of the Early Amerinds before in-went-to (entered) the space-part [end-the je-clause]
<some 10,000 years ago>, they were redoubtable hunters even though
ji na ba ji melpaonao lio sanenimoNai gu, Rai pa fircko janto nokou
that-was at some-(time)-x that-was measurably-before-now the-number about-one- zero-thousand-Enn-('N' for 'nirne' = 'years') [end clause], R (the Indians) were fear-causing (redoubtable) hunters despite
they hunted on foot. Mammoths were the game they favored
lepo Rai pa janto go fitgoi. I lo mamhuti pa ciirnia go nu tisra Rai
the-event-that (fact-that) R (they) hunted foot-going-ly. [And] The (mass of) mammoths were a-food-animal that-was [passive] chosen-by R (them, la Rindi)
at the start, and when those great beasts became scarce, they
na le satci, ice na lepo leva grada nimla pa numcmacea gu, Rai
at the start; and when the-event-of those great animals before numerically- small-becoming (happened) [end clause] R (they)
turned to hunting two different species of buffalo: the large,
pa durcea lepo janto to norsa speci je lo bishoni gue, ji lea groda
before do-changed-to (turned to) [the event of] hunting two other species of the (mass of) bison [end-clause] That-are the-set-of-all big
straight-horned Bison antiquus and the smaller Bison
ce jitlia ci nu horno ji lao Bison antiquus, ze le cmalo ji lao Bison
and tight-line [hyphen] [passive] be-horned-ones that-are [the Linnaean taxon] Bison Antiquus, and-jointly the small-ones that-are [the Linnaean taxon] Bison
occidentalis, both now extinct. The Paleo-Indians'
occidentalis, ice le to Bai na specymorto. I le la Darpao Rindi, gu
occidentalis; and the-two-B (them, the Bison species mentioned) are now species-dead (extinct). [And] The [the] Early Amerinds' [end phrase]
successors on the plains continued to hunt buffalo on foot,
futkaa ji vi lo pilnylandi pa prase lopo janto lo bishoni duo lopo fitgoi
after-comers that-were on the plains before continued the (mass of events of) hunting-of the (mass of) buffalo(s) in-a-manner-of the (mass of events of) being-on-foot
and as a communal enterprise.
ce munce.
and being-a-community (communally).
Here I shall describe what has been unearthed at one such
Nao vi, mi fa tcutaa ba ji napa nu pafko vi ne leva
Now (new-paragraph) here, I will picture-talk (describe) something that has-been dug-up at one-of those
communal bison-hunting site, <130 kilometers> south of Calgary
munce bishoni ci janto sitfa ja melsurdi la Ka'lgrris,
communal bison [hyphen] hunting sites which-is-incidentally measurably- south-of [the-named] Calgary
at the southeastern edge of the Porcupine Hills
<lio netenikeimei>, e nursia le surlesta bidje je la Po'rkiupain Hilz,
<by-the-number one-three-zero-kay-emm>, and situated-at the south-eastern edge of the Porcupine Hills
in western Alberta.
ji vi le lusta parti je la Albrrtys.
that-are in the western part of [the-named] Alberta.
Centaurus A: the Nearest Active Galaxy
Centauro A: la galaxia activa mas cercana
Centaurus A: la galassia attiva piu vicina
Centaurus A: Eine nahe aktive Galaxie
Copyright © 1983 by Scientific American, Inc.
La Centaurus Aman, ja le No Nu Snire ge Kaoflo Galhasi
The Centaurus (Latin Upper-Case) A, [which-Incidentally-is] the Non-Exceedably Near (the Nearest) Action-Full Galaxy
by Jack O. Burns and R. Marcus Price
kao la Djek On Brrnz, ze la Rn Markys Prais
Among the largest and most intriguing objects that have yet been
Ga seidjo le groda ce mordu ci tedjua bekti ji napa
[Subject is deferred] Set-members-of (included in) the large(r) and more [hyphen] attention-seizing objects that have-been
observed in the universe are the objects known as active galaxies.
nu vizka ba le rardzabi, ga le bekti ji nu tcutaa be lo kaoflo galhasi.
[passive] seen [by someone] (against the background of) the all-that- exists (universe), are (deferred subject begins) the objects that-are [passive] talked-about [by someone else] as-the-mass-of action-full (active) galaxies.
Active galaxies, which make up only a few percent of all known
I lo kaoflo galhasi, ja rarpai siritiapinine lea fu djano
[And] The (mass-of) active galaxies, which-incidentally are-all-parts-of (constitute) at-most-a-few-times-point-zero-one-of (at most a few hundredths of) the-set-of-all known-about
galaxies, can emit a million times as much energy <in the form of
galhasi gu, suna kresui su nerji ji cnajai lio nemomo le nerji
galaxies, sometimes ray-sends (emits) some energy that-is a-quantity-product-of the-number one-thousand-thousand (multiplied by) the energy
electromagnetic radiation> as an ordinary galaxy. The
je loe danri galhasi gu, <e ji nu profoa lo elhektromagni kreni>. I le ro
of the-typical ordinary galaxy [end clause], <and that-has [passive] a- product-form-of the (mass of) electromagnetic rays>. [And] The [many]
emissions from an active galaxy extend over many different
nu kresui je loe kaoflo galhasi ga ranjo ro norsa
[passive] rays-sent-by the-typical active galaxy [start predicate] range-over many not-the-same-as-each-other (different)
frequencies, including gamma rays, X-rays, visible radiation,
silckerao, ja nu seidjo lo geoykre, e lo Xaiykre, e lo nu vizka kreni,
vibrate-time-ratios (frequencies), which-incidentally [passive] include the (mass of) gamma-rays, and the (mass of) X-rays, and the (mass of) [passive] visible rays,
infrared radiation, and radio waves. Much of the recent
e lo infraredri kreni, e lo radjo kreni. I ro lopo snipao
and the (mass of) infrared rays, and the (mass of) radio rays. [And] Much- of the (mass of events of) recent
observational work has been done at radio frequencies, where <the
ge katca turka napa nu durzo vi lo radjo silckerao, jao vi sei lezo ne
for watching work has-been [passive] done at the (mass of) radio frequencies, which-are-incidentally-such-that at s (them, those frequencies) the-quantity-of exactly-one
emissions from> an active galaxy can be 100,000 times as strong as
kaoflo galhasi <ga kresui> suna cnajai lio nemamo
active galaxy's <emission> is-sometimes a-quantity-product-of the-number one-hundred-thousand (times)
those from an ordinary galaxy.
lezo loe danri galhasi ga kresui.
the-quantity-that the-typical ordinary galaxy is emitting.
The active galaxy nearest our own
Nao le kaoflo galhasi ji no nu snire ra norsa kaoflo galhasi lemu
Now (new paragraph) the active galaxy that is non-exceedably nearer-than any other active galaxy (to) our
galaxy is Centaurus A, which is about 15 million light-years away.
galhasi bi la Centaurus Aman, ja litnirne lio sanefemomo mu.
galhasi is-the-same-as [the] Centaurus A, which-incidentally is-in- light-years the-number about-one-five-thousand-thousand (away from) us.
The visible outline of Centaurus A is a few tens of
I le nu vizka zvofoa je la Centaurus Aman, ga melkubra lio rinenitia-
[And] The [passive] seeable outer-shape of [the] Centaurus A is measurably- in-width the-number several-one-zeros-(tens)-times-
thousands of light-years across. Extending at an angle from the
nemoLaiNai. I ga ranjo vi ne pilno ji slopu le
one-thousand-Ell-Enns ('LN' from 'litnirne'). [And] [subject will come later] Ranging in a plane that is-inclined-to the
central plane of the visible structure, however, is an elongated radio
pilno go midju je le nu vizka truke, ga buo ne nu lagmao radjo ci
plane which is-medial to the [passive] seeable structure, is (deferred subject begins) however exactly-one [passive] long(er)-made radio [hyphen]
envelope some three million light-years from tip to tip.
fomkua ji merli lio satemomoLaiNai sau ne fando dio le norsa.
form-cover (envelope) that measures [the number] about-three-thousand- thousand-Ell-Enn from exactly-one end to the other.
If the radio-emitting region of Centaurus A were visible to an
I kanoi le radjo kresui spapai je la Centaurus Aman, ga eu nu vizka su
[And] If the radio emitting space-part (region) of [the] Centaurus A is let- us-suppose [passive] seeable-by at-least-one
observer on the earth, it would appear to be 20 times <as wide as> the
moon.
katca ji vi la Ter, ki sei simci ba ji cnajai lio toni lezo la Lun,
<kubra>.
watcher that-is on the Earth, then s (it, that region) would-seem-to-be something that is-a-quantity-product-of the-number two-one (twenty) times the- amount-by-which the Moon <is-wide>.
The Control of Ribosome Synthesis
Control de la sintesis de ribosomas
La regulation de la synthese des ribosomes
Il controllo della sintesi dei ribosomi
Die Regulation der Ribosomen-Synthese
Copyright © 1984 by Scientific American, Inc.
Lopo Troli Lopo Sintesi Lo Ribhosomi
The (Mass of Events of) Controling the (Mass of Events of) Synthesizing the (Mass of) Ribosomes
by Masayasu Nomura kao la Masaiasus Nomuras
The ribosome is the organelle of the living cell where proteins
Ra ribhosomi ga orgeli je ne clivi celhu gu go proteini
Each ribosome is an-organelle of exactly-one living cell [end clause] which-(the organelle)-is protein
are made. On it amino acids are joined one at a time to a
madzo. I vi le zvotorspa je rei su amhini acdi ga ckelista djicea su
making. [And] On the outer-two-space (surface) of r (it, the ribosome) some (one or more) amino acids are time-list-ly (sequentially) joined-to (become joined to) one-or-more
growing protein chain. The completed chain folds itself up into a
rodja ge proteini tcena. I le nu kalmao tcena ga selfodcea ne
growing type-of protein chains. [And] (Each of) The [passive] completely-made chains [start predicate] self-folded-becomes (folds itself into) exactly-one
molecule that can serve as part of the cell's structure or as an
molhekuli ja kanmo ne parti je le le celhu gu truke gue, a ne
molecule, which is-able-to-be exactly-one part of the the cell's [end possessive phrase] structure [end je-phrase], or exactly-one
enzyme: the catalyst of a specific metabolic reaction. Since all
enzimi ji cea kathalisi su spebi ge methaboli po kempoa. I soaki ra
enzyme that, in-other-words, catalyzes some (one or more) specific type-of metabolic events-of chemically-responding (reactions). [And] Since all
such metabolic functions require enzymes, it follows that in order for
levi methaboli nurplipra ga cnida lo enzimi, ki moiki
these metabolic useful-processes (functions) [start predicate] need the (mass of) enzymes, then-it-follows-that in-order-for
a cell to grow and divide faster it must increase its capacity
su celhu ga rodja, e selkopmao go mordu kukra ki cei gromao lezo cei
some (one or more) cell(s) (to) grow and self-copy-make [start modifier] more quickly, then c (it, the cell) (must) big(ger)-make (increase) the-amount- of c's (its)
to make proteins. The ribosome, however, has a limited capacity for
madzo lo proteini. I loe ribhosomi buo ga katli su nu limji zo
making-of the (mass of) protein(s). [And] The-typical ribosome however [start predicate] has (is characterized by) some (one or more) [passive] limited quantity(-ies)-of
adding amino acids to the protein chain. For example, in the
djimao je lo amhini acdi jue loe proteini tcena. I bea vi lo
join-making of the (mass-of) amino acids to the-typical protein chain. [And] For example in the (mass of)
bacterium Escherichia coli each ribosome can add
bakteri ji lao Escherichia coli, ra ribhosomi ga kanmo lepo djimao
bacteria that-is the (Linnaean taxon) Escherichia coli, each ribosome [start predicate] can-do the-event-of join-making
15 amino acids per second at 37 degrees Celsius. If
nefe amhini acdi na ra sekmi na lepo rei melhatro lio teseCai. I kanoi
fifteen amino acids during every second when the-state-of r (it, the ribosome) measures-hot-at the-number three-seven-See. [And] If
the temperature remains constant but the medium in which the E.
lepu hatro ga stolo go norcea, ice buo le roacti jio lao En
the-property-of hotness [start predicate] remains as non-changing, and however the grow-stuff (medium/culture) such-that the (Linnaean taxon) E.
coli live is enriched with nutrients, the bacteria begin
coli, spalii reo ga nu fulrymao ba lo ciircti, ki le bakteri ga sacduo
coli space-live-in (live in/inhabit) reo (it, the medium) is [passive] rich-made-by someone (in) the (mass of) food-stuffs (nutrients),
then the bacteria [start predicate] begin-to-do
to divide at a higher rate. Since the capacity <> of the ribosome
lepo selkopmao duo su ganta ckerao. I soaki lezo loe ribhosomi <ga
the-event-of replicating in-the-manner-of some (one or more) high(er) time- ratio (rate). [And] Since the-amount-by-which the-typical ribosome <[start predicate]
is limited, if the cell is to increase the
proteini madzo> ga nu limji, ki kanoi loe celhu ga eu gromao le
protein makes> is [passive] limited, it-follows-that if the-typical cell is, let-us-suppose, to-big(ger)-make (increase) the
rate of protein synthesis, it must make more
ckerao je lopo proteini sintesi, ki cei madzo ba ji mordu lena konte je
rate of the (mass of events of) protein synthesis, then c (it, the cell) (must) make [something-x that-is] more [-than the-current count (number) of]
ribosomes. The ribosome is energetically expensive <to
lecei ribhosomi. I <lepo madzo> loe ribhosomi ga nerji kusti,
the-c's (its) ribosomes. [And] <The-event-of making> The-typical ribosome is energetically costly,
manufacture>, and making a large surplus of ribosomes would be
ice lepo madzo eu ne groda moutsu je lo ribhosomi ga
and the-event-of making let-us-suppose a large more-than-enough (surplus) of the (mass of) ribosomes is
wasteful. Therefore the bacterium must be able to adjust its ribosome
festi. I nukou ra bakteri ga kanmo lepo stuli lepo ribhosomi
wasting. [And] Therefore each bacterium is able-to-do the-act-of adjusting the-event-of ribosome
output with considerable sensitivity.
proju guo, tie su fu penso pu cmaceapoa.
producing [end inner lepo-clause] with some [passive] think-about- able property-of small-change-responding.
The Descent of Hominoids and Hominids
Origen de hominoideos y hominidos
Des Primates a l'Homme
L'origine degli ominoidei e degli ominidi
Die Abstammung von Hominoiden und Hominiden
Copyright © 1984 by Scientific American, Inc.
Lepo lo Homhinoideai, e lo Homhinidi ga Futlinkui
The-Event(s) of the (Mass of) Hominoids and the (Mass of) Hominids being After-Linear-Kin (Descending).
by David Pilbeam kao la Deivid Pilbim
Human understanding of human evolution has advanced
Lopo lo humni ga siodja lepo lo humni ga hisvalda napa fredirgoi
The (mass of events of) the (mass of) humans [start predicate] system- knowing (understanding) the-event-of the (mass of) humans [start predicate] historically-developing (evolving) now-before (has) front-direction-gone (advanced)
greatly in the past generation, and even in the past five years. [And]
go grada na le nedpao kalroakeo, e sui ue na lepa fe nirne. I
[begin modifier] greatly in the continguously-past (previous) completely- grow-interval (generation), and also-surprisingly during the former five years. [And]
Since the 1960's, for example, paleoanthropology has ceased being
fia la Nevesonein, bea lo darpaohumsensi napa stisi lepo
Continuously-after (ever since) the-thing-named One-nine-six-enn ('196n', n = 0-9 (the decade of the 1960's), for example, the (mass of) far-past- (early)-human-science has ceased-being-in the-state-of
a discipline of concern only to physical anthropologists and a few
nurdia go nerdjo ferci lo fizdi humsenmao, e ri
a-taught-thing (which is) one-member-ly (uniquely) an-affair-of the (mass of) physical human-science-maker(s), and a-few
interested paleontologists. It has evolved into a broad multi-
nu treci paslivsesmao. I dei napa hisvalda ne kubra ror-
[passive] interested, past-life-science-makers. [And] d (it, paleoanthropology) has evolved-into a wide many-
disciplinary pursuit which enlists the services of historical geologists,
nurdia ji djomao lepo nu surva lo hisri telsesmao,
teachables (multidiscipline) that member-makes (enlists) the-events of-being- served-by the (mass of) historical earth-science-makers,
ecologists, molecular biologists, zoologists,
e lo livspasesmao, e lo molhekuli livsesmao, e lo nimsesmao, e
and the (mass of) living-space-science-makers, and the (mass of) molecular life-science-makers, and the (mass of) animal-science-makers, and
students of animal behavior, and even chemists and physicists.
lo stude je lo nimla po bivdu gue, e ue lo kemsesmao, e lo fidsesmao.
the (mass of) students of the (mass of events of) animal(s) behaving [end je- clause], and, I-am-surprised-to-say, the (mass of) chemical-science-makers, and the (mass of) physical-science-makers.
In the Linnaean classification of living things human beings
Nao coi le mela Linean, klemaosio je lo clivi lo humni
Now (new paragraph) according-to the [start predified name] Linnaean class-make-system of the (mass of) living-things the (mass of) humans
belong to the Order Primates, which also includes the apes, the
ga seidjo la Ordre, ji lao Primates, ja sui nu seidjo lo pongidi, e lo
are members-of (included in) the-named Order that-is the (Linnaean taxon) Primates, which-incidentally also [passive] includes the (mass of) pongids, and the (mass of)
monkeys and prosimians such as the lemurs. Within that order is the
murki, e lo prosimi ja nu seidjo lo lemhuri. I ga nenri leva ordre ga la
monkeys, and the (mass of) prosimians, which-incidentally [passive] includes the (mass of) lemurs. [And] [subject will come later] Inside that order are (deferred subject begins) the-named
superfamily Hominoidea, including only humans and the apes.
Supherfamili, ji lao Hominoidea, ja nu rarpai lo humni ze lo pongidi.
Superfamily that-is the (Linnaean taxon) Hominoidea, which-incidentally-is [passive] all-parts-of (constituted of) the (mass of) humans and-jointly the (mass of) pongids.
Within that superfamily, in turn, is the family Hominidae,
I ga nenri leva supherfamili taa ga la Famhili, ji lao Hominidae,
And [subject will come later] Inside that superfamily in turn is (deferred subject begins) the-named Family that-is the (Linnaean taxon) Hominidae,
including only humans and their extinct relatives closer than the apes.
ja nu rarpai lo humni ze lehei specymoo kunci ji kuisni lo pongidi.
[which-incidentally-is] [passive] constituted-of the (mass of) humans and-jointly the-aitch's (their, the human's) species-dead (extinct) relatives that are-relationally-nearer-than the (mass of) pongids.
Let me briefly review how <the evolution of> hominoids and
Nao letci mi lepo corta geable lepo lepo lo homhinoideai ze lo
Now (new paragraph) let me (do) the-act-of briefly again-looking-at the- event-of the-event-of the (mass of) hominoids and-jointly [the (mass of)]
hominids was understood <some five years> ago
homhinidi <pa hisvalda> gu, pa nu siodja na ba ji melpaonao [lio
hominids having evolved [end clause], was [passive] understood at sometime that is-measurably-before-now-by <[the number]
by a leading physical anthropologist, Sherwood L. Washburn
safeNai> gu, kao ne fregoi ge fizdi humsesmao ji la Crruyd Ln Uacbrrn,
about-five-Enn (for 'nirne' = 'years')> [end-clause], by a front-going type-of physical anthropologist who-is the-named Sherwood L. Washburn
of the University of California at Berkeley, and
pe la Rorcirkea, je la Kalifornias, gue ji vi la Brrklis, guo, e
of the-named Many-learnings-(studies)-school (University) of [the-named] California [end-clause] of the Berkeley [end inner lepo-clause], and
contrast that summary of the consensus then with the consensus now.
reckambi leva fu corcue je lepa kumnurjui le kumnurjui ji na.
difference-compare (contrast) that [passive] short-saying of the-former common-opinion (consensus) (with) the consensus that-is now.